Showing posts with label German Emigration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label German Emigration. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 24, 2018

Peter Touby: a conversation between Albert Touby and his son Emmett

This account of an imagined conversation between Albert Touby and his son Emmett 
was written by Emmett's grandson, Mark Kearney in June 2005.  

 Martin and Anna (Slout) Touby parents of Peter Touby.
 Peter and Jane (Colville) Touby with Albert, their son.
 Albert and Kate (Willits) Touby, parents of Emmett.
Young Emmett Touby
The actual "juice harp" referred to in the following account.  It belonged to Emmett Touby.


Peter Touby was a farmer in eastern Howard County in the middle 1800’s.  He was born in Germany in 1824 and immigrated to America in 1844 with his parents who settled near Mansfield, Ohio.  Several Touby descendants still live in that area.  The former home of Peter’s nephew Martin Touby now serves as the “Somewhere in Time” Bed and Breakfast in Lexington, just south of Mansfield.

Peter Touby moved to Indiana in the 1850’s, first settling in Fayette County.  He moved to Howard County in 1854, ultimately establishing a homestead near Cassville.  Although primarily a farmer, he was somewhat active politically and was well-respected in the township.  He was instrumental in seeing that a good road was constructed between the farms of northeastern Howard County and the town of Kokomo.  Part of that road is known today as the Touby Pike in his honor.  A large contingency of Touby descendents still live in the Kokomo area.

The scene of this portrayal is Crown Point Cemetery, the summer of 1902.  Albert Touby and his 14-year old son Emmett are visiting the gravesite of Albert’s father, and our subject, Peter Touby.  They are on the way home from town, having just enrolled Emmett in Kokomo High School for the coming school year.  Albert is dressed in a typical 1900’s vintage suit.  Emmett wears black wool trousers, a freshly-starched white shirt (too short in the arms), suspenders, and a straw hat.  Emmett is twanging a “juice” harp as they approach.

Albert:  “Emmett Peter Touby, maybe you should refrain from your ‘music’ out of respect for your deceased ancestors...”

Emmett:  “Oh Father, it’s not that bad….”

Albert:  “Now that we have you enrolled in high school, I thought we should stop by and pay our respects.”

Emmett:  “Father, I’m really excited to be able to come to town to go to school.  I’m also a little fearful…but I promise I will make the most of it.”

Albert:  “Your grandfather always stressed the importance of a good education. He told me that the knowledge he gained in school in Germany was more valuable to him as a farmer than even as a wagon maker.”

Emmett (thinking):  “So this is Grandfather’s grave… Peter Touby…John Peter Touby…born in 1824, died in 1888, so he was 64 when he died…1888…That was the year I was born!

Albert:  “Yes, I am so sorry you never had the opportunity to know your Grandfather.  He was so very happy when you were born that there would be another Touby son to carry on our good name here in Indiana.”

Emmett:  “So he used to be a wagon maker?”

Albert:  “Yes, he learned wagon making in Germany before he came to America.  He didn’t come here until he was 20 years old, you know.  Seventy days by ship, it took your ancestors to get here.  And forty-four days of the worst storms you could imagine before they arrived in New York”

Emmett:  “Why did they come here?”

Albert:  “The way your Grandfather explained it to me…  His father did not believe a government should be able to require that you attend a certain church or demand that you train in the military.  He learned of the community of German settlers in Richland County, Ohio and of the German Church there.  So your great-grandparents, John Martin and Anna Slout Touby, came over on that ship in 1844 with their nine children including your Grandfather.  Their tenth child was born here.  You can believe that it took strong conviction to move a family that large across an ocean.

“When they reached Ohio, your great-grandfather purchased 40 acres near the German settlement in Mansfield.  Most of my aunts and uncles and cousins still live near there.”

Emmett:  “When did Grandfather come to Indiana?”

Albert:  “When he was about 26 -- around 1850 -- he moved to Fayette County.  With all of the people moving through Indiana, there was a great need there for wagon making and repair.  He had worked as a farm hand in Ohio and wanted to employ his learned profession building wagons in Indiana”

Emmett:  “Is that where he met Grandmother Touby?”

Albert:  “It didn’t take your Grandfather long to find a proper wife!  He always said he came from Germany, traveled through Ohio to get to Indiana, all to find a Pennsylvanian-born, Kentucky-reared Hoosier lady!  Jane Duncan Colville, the local tailoress.  They were married soon after he moved to Indiana, and I was born not long after.”

Emmett:  “When did you come to Howard County?”

Albert:  “I was only three or four years old, so I don’t remember very much.  I do remember leaving our nice small home in Bentonville for the wilds of Howard County.  We first lived where the Zion Church is now.  But your Grandfather learned that land was available in the Rich Valley area and was quick to move us there.  Your Grandfather was so proud of our homestead.  I hope it will be a Touby homestead for years to come.  Your aunts -- my sisters Leora and Mary -- were born there.

Emmett:  “Grandmother Touby always told me that Grandfather’s proudest moment was when he was granted citizenship.”

Albert:  “Yes, I remember it well.  It was just before the Civil War – in 1859, I believe  --  that your Grandfather took us all to a court in Marshall County.  It was a long trip, but he was so pleased to be recognized as a citizen of this country.  I remember him saying, ‘I have lived here 15 years, and now I can finally vote and have a say in how the affairs of my county, my state and my country are administered.’

 “Your Grandfather always stressed to me the duty of being active in those endeavors.  He hated the thought of war between brothers, and he always told me that true patriots need not fight in battle, but be willing to work the polls or for whatever other political opportunities exist, such that their convictions can be advanced.  Without his involvement, the pike that we travel to town and back would not exist, let alone carry our family name.”

Emmett:  “So was Grandfather a Democrat like you?”

Albert: “Yes, but by his convictions, not because he was tied to the party.  He taught me to respect everyone’s judgments because there are usually at least two sides to every story.  Respect and trust are virtues a man can never own without first diligence, and can be quickly lost with a slip of the tongue or a slight of the truth.  I’m sure if your Grandfather could speak to you from this grave, his most important message would be just that.”

Emmett:  “How did Grandfather die?”

Albert:  “That was a very sorrowful time in my life.  As you must know by now, your Mother, my dear wife Kate, was not my first wife.  My first wife, Ida Yager is buried right over there.  She died in 1880, only a year after we were married, from typhoid fever.”

Emmett:  “That’s hard for me to comprehend.”

Albert:  “I know, I haven’t discussed it much.  I was devastated, but three years later I married your Mother and she helped me learn to love life again.  Your sister Allie was born to us right away and I began to learn how important having my own family was to me.  Two years later, we were blessed by the birth of your sister Grace, but she died when she was only three.  It is so hard to lose a child, especially so young.  She’s buried right here.

“When you were born, your Grandfather was so happy.  Like I told you before, he was so overjoyed to have a Grandson to carry on the Touby name in Indiana.”

Emmett:  “But, how did Grandfather die??”

Albert:  “Your Grandfather was so young at heart.  Not long after you were born, he was intent one day on going to a barbeque picnic in Peru.  It was a grand fall day when he left, but your Grandmother was convinced that it would rain before he would return home.  He traveled alone and just as you might expect, your Grandmother was correct about the weather -- your Grandmother is always correct about the weather. The cold, damp storm set in as he commenced home.  Of course, he was too stubborn to find room and board in Peru, and came home in the midst of that cold rain.  The day following, he had a bad cough.

“It did us little concern until about two days later, when your Grandmother told us his fever was quite high and she had sent for the physician.  The doctor did not believe your Grandfather’s condition to be critical, but he never recovered.  He died a week later.  And the man who had the strongest mind, the strongest character, and the strongest will that I have ever known was gone.”

Emmett:  “I wish that I could have known him.”

Albert:  “I wish that too, son.  Your Grandfather taught me so many things about farming, about raising crops and livestock, about maintaining the dairy and the orchards.  He taught me the love of working with wood.  He would be so proud to see that the Rich Valley Christian Church that he dreamed of is now a reality.

“The ideals he stressed most were honesty, integrity, love of God, and respect for our neighbors.  Those things were most important to him and I would do a disservice to his memory if I didn’t stress them to you.  I was his only son, and now that you have only sisters, you are my only son.  You will be the next Touby to carry those ideals forward.  I trust that you will take them seriously.”

(Emmett and Albert start to walk away)

Emmett:  “I will, Father, I will.  Well, we should commence going home.  Mother will be upset if we are tardy for dinner.  And, you know when we left, Grandmother Touby said she could feel a rainstorm coming on…”

Sunday, May 1, 2016

Thank you, Mary Magdalena Graf-Rose!

I have invited several relatives to my dining room table these last few weeks.  Little by little they have been sharing their stories.  All have all long-since departed, but their stories are very much alive!  As I sort through generations, finding the trails and trials of their lives, I am so grateful for their fortitude and their foresight.  They went through so much... sometimes multiple deaths of spouses and children, and then dared to come to America, bringing many children on the nearly six-week voyage.  And being German, they kept remarkable records!  Today I am most grateful to Mary Magdalena Graf-Rose.  She is the one who obviously had family records and passed them on to her son Henry.  Allow me to digress a moment and trace my lineage back to 1655...

Generation 1
Nikel GRAV, born October 1655, married Anna Christina MULLERS.  They had 11 children.  One of those children was Johann Casper GRAV.  The spelling of the surname varies: Grav, Graf, Graff.

Generation 2
Johann Casper GRAV, born 1691, married Anna Cecilia COLTER.  They had 9 children.  Johann Philip is the ancestor of interest in this generation.

Generation 3
Johann Philip GRAF, born 10 February 1739, married Maria Katarina GEFFINGER.  They had 10 children.  Their son, Johann Casper, will carry our family line to the present.

Generation 4
Johann Casper GRAF, born 11 December 1763, married Katarina Margaretha "Gretchen" PHILIP.  They had 8 children.  Valentine and Mary Magdalena are the brother and sister of interest: Valentine, because he is my 3X Great-Grandfather, and Mary Magdalena, because she must have been the designated family historian.

Generation 5: the daring generation
Valentine GRAF, born 28 September 1799, married Barbara WAGNER.  They had 5 children.  Philip, my 2X Great-Grandfather, and his three brothers (sister Sette did not make the journey), all came to America.  Valentine and Barbara, both 53, wanted to save their sons from military inscription which, in Settie Graf's words, "took seven years of a young man's life."  They sent Henry and John to America to join relatives, sold their home in Rockenhausen, and crossed the Atlantic with their sons Valentine and Philip.  They sailed on the Barc Charles Hill and arrived in New York on 1 June 1853.  In three day's time just before their arrival, about 9,000 Germans had arrived in New York's harbor!  This is 1853... can you imagine?

Generation 6
Philip GRAF, born 07 July 1824, married Caroline SCHAAF.  Caroline had come to America as an eleven-year-old with her family in 1840.  Philip, who had farmed his parents' farm in Rockenhausen, took up farming in Howard County, Indiana.  The story is told that he had funded his younger brothers' emigration earlier to help them avoid the draft.  Caroline and Philip experienced untold grief as four of their children, all sons, died just after birth.  Their grave marker is found in the Greenlawn Cemetery, Greentown, Indiana.  Three daughters made up their family: Emma (b. 14 Nov 1862), Louisa (b. 19 Feb 1864), and Settie (b. 12 Mar 1868).  Philip and Caroline's daughters were born in the thick of our Civil War.  It is hard to fathom how these young German families must have felt.  They had left their country, fleeing the fears of harsh military conditions and economic depression, only to find the chaos of war in their new homeland.

Generation 7
Emma GRAF married Nicholas RICHER.  Louisa GRAF married Augustus FROELICH.  And Settie GRAF married George Luther LOCKE.  Sisters Emma and Louise are the ones who wrote the Graf Family booklet in 1921.  It is a much-quoted document among those who research the Graf family.  Settie wrote a beautiful family narrative in 1954 just one year before she passed away.  (These documents are all on this blog.  Search either 'Graf' or 'Settie.')

Generation 8
To Settie GRAF-LOCKE and George LOCKE were born three children: Ruth Geneva (who died in infancy), Philip Roscoe LOCKE (28 Dec 1892), and Elsie LOCKE (06 Aug 1894).

Generation 9
Elsie LOCKE married Emmett Peter TOUBY (b. 16 Aug 1888) and they settled on Emmett's father's farm in Howard County, Indiana.  They had five daughters: Louise, Dorothy, Frances, Virginia and Joan.  These are my mother (Virginia) and aunts to whom this blog is dedicated.  Their stories can be found on the blog's pages as well as in various posts.

Generation 10
Virginia TOUBY (b. 28 Aug 1923) married Arthur James COAN (b. 24 Feb 1920) just after my mother graduated from Ball State University and my father came home from the service in WWII.  They settled on the farm where Settie GRAF-LOCKE and George LOCKE had built their home and farmed 160 acres.  This is where I grew up.  My parents named it Liberty Grove Farm.  David, Jane, Nancy and Elizabeth COAN are the children of this generation.  All the children of the TOUBY sisters, Louise, Dorothy, Virginia and Joan comprise this 10th generation.

Generation 11
The grandchildren of the TOUBY sisters, Louise, Dorothy, Virginia and Joan comprise the 11th generation of the descendants of Nikel GRAV.  And their children make Generation 12. 

THANK YOU, MARY MAGDALENA GRAF-ROSE!
And now, to my reason for writing this post... In the 1921 Graf Family booklet, sisters Emma GRAF-RICHER and Louise GRAF-FROELICH mention their gratitude to Henry Rose of Amboy, Indiana, saying that the information regarding Generations 1-4 (now Generations 3-6 due to research that has gone two generations further back, from Johann Casper GRAF back to Nickel GRAV) was furnished by Henry.  Henry was the son of Mary Magdalena GRAF-ROSE.  I am so grateful to Mary Magdalena (see Generation 4 above) for having the foresight to save the family history and pass it on to her son.  Her Great-nieces, Emma and Lou, took the baton and wrote the Graf Family history.  I'm a great-niece of Emma and Lou.  I'll never know who might take things from here, but I hope someone will!

Saturday, April 23, 2016

A Call for Reform: Passenger Abuses


This account is from the New York Daily Times, June 9, 1853.  It was published just one week after the arrival of many Graf family members.

Inhumanity Afloat.

The records of the sea are fast becoming the most painful portions of our daily intelligence.  Hardships and cruelty seem to go hand in hand, and the Packet service constantly furnishes new causes of complaint.  The reports of our Courts teem with statements of wrongs inflicted upon seamen and passengers; the condition of too many of our emigrant packet-ships is repulsive in the extreme; the civility of captains, mates and agents is nothing to boast of; and the system of Emigrant transportation is altogether in need of a reform.  There are one or two facts which have lately had their development, that seem to place this question of Emigrant accommodations in a clear light.  We have received a communication from a reliable source, setting forth the discomfort and distress attending a steerage passage across the Atlantic, and calling attention to some of the glaring abuses to which the service is subject.  We give the material portions of the writer’s statement; the entire letter is too long for insertion:

“Although the passengers were not so completely under the control of the officers as the sailors, yet so far as their authority went, it was exercised to the fullest extent.  It is true, none of them ever lifted their hands to the passengers, but to this length did they go, and there stop.  Abuse and threatenings were dealt out plentifully.  The insolent and overbearing demeanor of the officers, and the total want of any regulation among the passengers, was the source of much annoyance and inconvenience to all on board.  Remonstrance or redress was out of the question.  A brutal answer or a blasphemous oath was the ready response.
“On board this ship were not less than 350 passengers.  The fire-place allotted for this number for cooking, was a place eight feet long by eighteen inches broad – a space not sufficient for half the number.  The consequence was a continual strife, from morning to night.  In all such affrays, the strongest came off conquerors.
“The contract ticket specified that we were to receive biscuit equal in quality to Navy biscuit.  If it is the same that we received, I pity the seamen who have constantly to live on it.  I am satisfied it was made of the coarsest flour that could be procured.  The tea was of the coarsest quality – in fact, such as would find no purchaser in London.  The sugar – it was impossible to say what it was extracted from; but it had a very loathsome taste, which affected anything it was put among.  The rice was musty [?].  The flour and oatmeal were the only tolerable articles supplied by the ship.  The ticket further stated that, in lieu of tea, coffee and cocoa, if preferred, could be had, yet not an ounce of either could be obtained.  Neither was salt furnished, although two ounces a week were to be allowed.

Our correspondent furnishes a number of facts of less importance than those above quoted, but equally indicative of the heartlessness of the practice in question.  The name of the particular vessel, although in our possession, is not essential to the point.  The practice of abusing emigrants is all but universal.  No one case is more unjustifiable than another, for all are in plain derogation of the most obvious rules of justice and propriety.  The flagrancy of open cruelty is the only event that is likely to attract the general attention of the community.

The fact seems to be that ship-captains and ship-owners are too generally regardless of the safety and comfort of their passengers.  In the first place, the ship is crowded to suffocation, in direct defiance of law; then, the Captain is too often a man accustomed to command, and intent only on obedience; next, the craft is rarely cleansed, and thus becomes a moving pest-house, unhealthy and disgraceful even when vacated, and disgusting when crowded with a human cargo.  These are classes of evils, to remedy which there has been much ineffective legislation.  The true method of improvement is the enforcement of the Passenger-laws, a strict surveillance of every Packet, as to cleanliness and seaworthiness; a general accountability of officers and agents, for any maltreatment of passengers and seamen.  That the evil should be allowed to pass without action, as well as remonstrance, is hardly to be expected in these days of Reform.  The attention of shipping-owners is especially due to the importance of the questions involved.  Another feature of this class of abuses is the incompetency of Captains.  The late case of the William and Mary* may stand as an instance of this.  The conduct of the master of that vessel, in not only abandoning his ship, at a time when subsequent experience proved that her salvation was by no means impossible, but also in neglecting the means of rescuing two hundred souls on board, has called out a rebuke from all quarters.  Instances of cruelty to seamen are very frequent.  A man’s life is counted of less value than a spar or a sail, and not a few lives are annually sacrificed in this way.  Let us have a reform in all these matters.  Ships are not inaccessible to laws made upon the land, because they are upon the sea; their officers should be made to understand that the voice of public opinion and the terrors of the law are both to be uplifted against them; for every unjustifiable act; and shipping merchants will do well to establish a vigilant watch over the conduct of their ships, and the capacity of their masters.  The Emigrant is but poorly treated, at best, his lot is a hard one, and needs to be alleviated as much as in us lies.

* The William and Mary sank in the Bahamas in May 1853.  
http://www.old-merseytimes.co.uk/williamandmary.html 

There is some very good information on the voyage across the Atlantic at this site:
Understanding Your Ancestors

Immigration in 1853

Knowing that many of my Graf relatives arrived in New York on June 1, 1853, I decided to check some newspaper accounts of immigrant arrivals.  I found this article in the New York Daily Times, 01 June 1853.  In just three days about 9,000 immigrants (some of the numbers below are difficult to read, as is the total)  poured into New York's harbor on 31 different ships!


I was curious about the cost of passage between Europe and the United States and found this advertisement, again in the New York Daily Times 03 June 1853.  The lowest fare listed at $60 (second cabin) in 1853 would be equivalent to $1,825 in 2016.


Valentine and Barbara Graf and their family, Peter Graf and his family aboard the Charles Hill arriving in New York harbor on June 1, 1853.


The arrival of the Charles Hill is noted in the June 1, 1853 New York Daily Times.  It was a voyage of 40 days and brought 342 passengers.


From 1848 to 1854, approximately 773,000 Germans emigrated to America.  The Duchy of Nassau had the highest per capita emigration rate in the 1800s.  (German Interest Group - Wisconsin Newsletter, 14, 4 February 2007).  Other interesting facts about German emigration can be found on this site: German Genealoger.

Today's route from Rockenhausen to Le Havre would take about seven hours.

Read more about the Port of Le Havre in Kathy Gosz's very informative account on her blog HERE.